How to Calculate Net Income (Formula and Examples)

Accounting

Net income formula

Net income is your company's total profits after deducting all business expenses. Some people refer to net income as net earnings, net profit, or simply your "bottom line" (nicknamed from its location at the bottom of the income statement). It's the amount of money you have left to pay shareholders, invest in new projects or equipment, pay off debts, or save for future use.

The formula for calculating net income is:

Revenue "“ Cost of Goods Sold "“ Expenses = Net Income

The first part of the formula, revenue minus cost of goods sold, is also the formula for gross income. (Check out our simple guide for how to calculate cost of goods sold).

So put another way, the net income formula is:

Gross Income "“ Expenses = Net Income

Or, if you really want to simplify things, you can express the net income formula as:

Total Revenues "“ Total Expenses = Net Income

Net income can be positive or negative. When your company has more revenues than expenses, you have a positive net income. If your total expenses are more than your revenues, you have a negative net income, also known as a net loss.

Using the formula above, you can find your company's net income for any given period: annual, quarterly, or monthly—whichever timeframe works for your business.

Net income formula: an example

Let's say Wyatt's Saddle Shop wants to find its net income for the first quarter of 2021. Here are the numbers Wyatt is working with:

Total revenues: $60,000
Cost of goods sold (COGS): $20,000
Rent: $6,000
Utilities: $2,000
Payroll: $10,000
Advertising: $1,000
Interest expense: $1,000

First, Wyatt could calculate his gross income by taking his total revenues, and subtracting COGS:

Gross income = $60,000 - $20,000 = $40,000

Next, Wyatt adds up his expenses for the quarter.

Expenses = $6,000 + $2,000 + $10,000 + $1,000 + $1,000 = $20,000

Now, Wyatt can calculate his net income by taking his gross income, and subtracting expenses:

Net income = $40,000 - $20,000 = $20,000

Wyatt's net income for the quarter is $20,000

How Accracy can help

Net income is one of the most important line items on an income statement. Your monthly income statement tells you how much money is entering and leaving your business. An up-to-date income statement is just one report small businesses gain access to through Accracy. Income statements—and other financial statements—are built from your monthly books. At Accracy, we do your bookkeeping and generate monthly financial statements for you.

With Accracy, you can see what your money is up to in easy-to-read reports. Your income statement, balance sheet, and visual reports provide the data you need to grow your business. So spend less time wondering how your business is doing and more time making decisions based on crystal-clear financial insights. Get started with a free month of bookkeeping.

Operating net income formula

Another useful net income number to track is operating net income. Operating net income is similar to net income. However, it looks at a company's profits from operations alone without accounting for income and expenses that aren't related to the core activities of the business. This can include things like income tax, interest expense, interest income, and gains or losses from sales of fixed assets.

Operating income is sometimes referred to as EBIT, or "earnings before interest and taxes."

The formula for operating net income is:

Net Income + Interest Expense + Taxes = Operating Net Income

Or, put another way, you can calculate operating net income as:

Gross Profit "“ Operating Expenses "“ Depreciation "“ Amortization = Operating Income

Investors and lenders sometimes prefer to look at operating net income rather than net income. This gives them a better idea of how profitable the company's core business activities are.

For example, a company might be losing money on its core operations. But if the company sells a valuable piece of machinery, the gain from that sale will be included in the company's net income. That gain might make it appear that the company is doing well, when in fact, they're struggling to stay afloat. Operating net income takes the gain out of consideration, so users of the financial statements get a clearer picture of the company's profitability and valuation.

This is information that can be taken from a cash flow statement. Learn about cash flow statements and why they are the ideal report to understand the health of a company.

Operating net income formula: an example

Let's return to Wyatt's Saddle Shop. If Wyatt wants to calculate his operating net income for the first quarter of 2021, he could simply add back the interest expense to his net income.

$20,000 net income + $1,000 of interest expense = $21,000 operating net income

Calculating net income and operating net income is easy if you have good bookkeeping. In that case, you likely already have a profit and loss statement or income statement that shows your net income. Get a refresher on income statements in our CPA-reviewed guide. Your company's income statement might even break out operating net income as a separate line item before adding other income and expenses to arrive at net income.

Don't have financial statements?

Financial statements come from solid books, so try a bookkeeping service like Accracy. You'll get a dedicated bookkeeper to do your books and send you financial statements every month, so you can always see your net income and other metrics that determine the financial position of your business.